Harriet Tubman - Black History

Harriet Tubman became famous as a “conductor” on the Underground Railroad during the turbulent 1850s. Born a slave on Maryland’s eastern shore, she endured the harsh existence of a field hand, including brutal beatings. In 1849 she fled slavery, leaving her husband and family behind in order to escape. Despite a bounty on her head, she returned to the South at least 19 times to lead her family and hundreds of other slaves to freedom via the Underground Railroad. Tubman also served as a scout, spy and nurse during the Civil War.






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Comic Book Hero: Lobo - Black History

Lobo, a western hero (he did not possess superpowers), is a former Union soldier who heads west after the Civil War. Upon being wrongfully accused of murder, Lobo sets out on a mission to fight injustice and to clear his name.

Lobo’s importance to comic history stems not only from being the first black comic hero to star in his own series, but also in that he is free from the racist stereotypes that plague other early black comic book characters. In fact, the comic doesn’t even make reference to the fact that Lobo is black.

Unfortunately, racist attitudes would ensure that Lobo would  be a very short-lived series. Although 200,000 copies of the first issue were printed, only about 10,000 – 15,000 copies were sold. This was largely due to many retailers refusing to carry a comic book about a black hero. What’s more, many of these retailers not only returned Lobo, but also every other comic shipped with it. The return of so many unopened shipments was a huge loss for Dell Comics and caused Lobo to be canceled after only two issues.

Although the brief series was a financial disaster, a comic starring a non-stereotypical black hero was a huge milestone for people of color in comics.








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Vivien Thomas

Vivien Theodore Thomas was an African American surgical technician who developed the techniques used to treat blue baby syndrome. He served as supervisor of the surgical laboratories at John Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD for 35 years.  First, Thomas tested the techniques that would be used to treat blue baby syndrome on animals to make sure it would work.  In 1944, Dr. Alan Blalock performed the first successful "blue baby" operation.  Thomas advised Blalock through the operation. 

In 1976, Johns Hopkins University presented Thomas with an honorary doctorate.[2] Because of certain restrictions, he received an Honorary Doctor of Laws, rather than a medical doctorate, but it did allow the staff and students of Johns Hopkins Hospital and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine to call him doctor. After having worked there for 37 years, Thomas was also finally appointed to the faculty of the School of Medicine as Instructor of Surgery.

Without any education past high school, Dr. Thomas rose above poverty and racism to become a cardiac surgery pioneer and a teacher of operative techniques to many of the country's most prominent surgeons. He was the first African American without a doctorate to perform open heart surgery on a white patient in the United States.

Cabell "Cab" Calloway III - Black History

Cabell "Cab" Calloway III was an African American entertainer.  In 1930, Calloway got a gig at Harlem's famed Cotton Club and became a regular performed at the popular nightspot.  Calloway made it big with his 1931 hit "Minnie the Moocher".  The song's famous call-and-response "hi-de-hi-de-ho" became Calloway's signature phrase for the rest of his career. Calloway's song went to sell over 1 million copies. The song would later be inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999.  In 1993, President Bill Clinton presented Calloway with the National Medal of the Arts. 

Below is a video of Cab performing his hit song.

Harlem Renaissance - Black History

artwork from the period of the Harlem Renaissance

The Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the time period between the end of World War I and the mid 1930's in Harlem.  This period was a cultural, social and artistic explosion of African American works. Harlem became the go to place for writers, musicians, artists, photographers, poets and scholars during this era.  During the time it was known as the "New Negro Movement" and the "Negro Renaissance".  This era was looked at as a cultural awakening.  Participants sought to re-conceptualize "the Negro" apart from white stereotypes that influenced African American relationships to their heritage and each other.   Among those artists whose works achieved recognition were Langston Hughes and Claude McKay, Countee Cullen and Arna Bontemps, Zora Neale Hurston and Jean Toomer,  Walter White and James Weldon Johnson.


Jazz Musicians of Harlem Renaissance

While the renaissance did not achieve the sociopolitical transformation for which some had hoped, today it is clear that this movement marked a turning point in black cultural history; it helped to establish the authority of black writers and artists over the representation of black culture and experience, and it help those writers and artists carve their niche in western culture.

Ernest "Ernie" Davis - #BlackHistoryFact

Davis with Heisman Trophy

Ernest "Ernie" Davis (December 14, 1939 - May 18, 1963) was an American football player.  He was the first African American athlete to win the Heisman Trophy.  Davis played college football for Syracuse University.  When Davis won his award, President John F. Kennedy was quoted as to saying "seldom has an athlete more deserving of such a tribute.  Your high standards of performance on the field and off the field, reflect the finest qualities of competition, sportsmanship and citizenship.  The nation has bestowed upon you its highest awards for your athletic achievements.  It's a privilege for me to address you tonight as an outstanding American, and as a worthy example of our youth.  I salute you." 

Ernie Davis in his Cleveland Browns Uniform

Davis was the number-one draft pick in 1962 NFL Draft.  He was selected by the Washington Redskins and was immediately traded to the Cleveland Browns.  Davis never actually played a game for the NFL.  After being drafted, he was diagnosed with acute monocytic leukemia.  His only appearance for the Cleveland Browns was during a 1962 pre-season game.  Davis ran onto the field and was followed by spotlight.  Following his death, the Cleveland Browns retired his jersey. 

Pt. 2 Garrett Morgan - Saving lives one invention at time. #BlackHistory

Part 2! of Garrett Morgan! Garrett was the born to former slaves on March 4, 1877 in Kentucky. Please check out Part 1 of Garrett Morgan to find more about his other inventions.

While driving, Garrett witnessed a terrible car accident. After, Garrett replayed the situation in his mind and realized that the roads were dangerous. Garrett felt it was necessary to improve the current conditions... He came up with an invention that would be beyond beneficial. Garrett Morgan invented the automatic stop light. 

Although manually operated traffic signals existed at most major intersections, they were not as effective because they switched back and forth to either 'stop' or 'go'. 

Can you imagine the chaos they could cause. A light to say GO (Green Light)... and suddenly a light to say STOP (Red Light)! Garrett Morgan took it upon himself to create a warning light, better known as the Yellow Light! 

Check out his patent below! 

This was a live saving idea/invention! Garrett went on to sell his patent to General Electric for $ 40,000! 

Thank you Garrett Morgan for all that you've done!

photo source

Nancy Green aka Aunt Jemima - #BlackHistoryFact

Miss Green was born into slavery in 1834.  Nancy Green was a storyteller, cook, and one of the first black corporate models in the United States.  Green was hired by the R.T. Davis Milling Company to represent "Aunt Jemima".  Aunt Jemima was named after a song from a minstrel show that the owner of the R.T. Davis Milling Company attended and would resemble a mammy archetype.  Green became the world's first living trademark.  In 1893 the R.T. Davis Milling Company began an aggressive campaign that began with having Green demonstrate the pancake mix at an exposition in Chicago.  Green's cooking skills and warm personality made her a hit at the exposition. She was the ideal "Aunt Jemima" and proclaimed the "Pancake Queen".  Special policemen were assigned to her booth to keep the crowd moving. Green went on to tour the world promoting this pancake mix. Green signed a lifetime contract with R.T. Davis Milling Company and held her job until her death in 1923.  

Green was one of the organizers of the Olivet Baptist Church in Chicago.  Her career as "Aunt Jemima" allowed the financial freedom to become an activist and engage in antipoverty programs. 



With Green's help, flour sales soured during this period and people stopped looking at pancakes as just breakfast food. 

America the Story of Us: Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass, a former slave and eminent human rights leader in the abolition movement, was the first black citizen to hold a high U.S. government rank. He became one of the most famous intellectuals of his time. Douglass writings include several autobiographies where he details his experiences in slavery and life after the Civil War. Douglass served as a recruiter for African American troops during the war. He also advised President Lincoln on at least two occasions. For 16 years he edited an influential black newspaper and achieved international fame as an inspiring and persuasive speaker and writer.

Below is a short documentary on Frederick Douglass entitled "America the Story of Us: Frederick Douglass".
 
After the Civil War, Frederick Douglass fought for the rights of women and African Americans alike.